Introduction Integral skin polyurethane (ISPU) microcellular foaming technology is a versatile manufacturing process used to create durable, aesthetically pleasing, and functional parts with a tough, ...

Introduction Polyurethane microcellular foam (PU MMF) is a versatile material characterized by its exceptionally fine and uniform cell structure, generally defined as having cell sizes ranging from 1 ...

Introduction Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) are a versatile class of polymers renowned for their wide range of properties, including high abrasion resistance, excellent flexibility, and good chemical ...

Introduction Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) are a versatile class of polymeric materials prized for their excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, tear resistance, abrasion re ...